Mantle-driven uplift and glaciation may explain the billion-year gap called the Great Unconformity
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Nicolas Flament and Santosh Dhungana argue in Nature that slow mantle circulation raised continents for hundreds of millions of years so ice could grind them down before new sediments buried the scar, producing a missing 200 million– to over-one-billion-year layer between ancient basement and Cambrian rocks in the Grand Canyon. North American strata directly above span 635–482 million years; geologists trace the surface across most of North America plus parts of northern Europe and northern China, while tropical glaciation roughly 720–635 million years ago had been the main competing idea.
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